{"id":12307,"date":"2019-10-22T20:33:55","date_gmt":"2019-10-22T19:33:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.gymhorice.cz\/?p=12307"},"modified":"2019-11-02T20:41:36","modified_gmt":"2019-11-02T19:41:36","slug":"mikrobiologie-trochu-jinak","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.gymhorice.cz\/?p=12307","title":{"rendered":"Mikrobiologie trochu jinak"},"content":{"rendered":"

SVIN\u011a KLOUZAV\u00dd<\/del> MR\u0147AV\u00dd
\nO mikroorganismech jsme m\u011bli tu\u0161en\u00ed. V\u011bd\u011bli jsme, \u017ee existuj\u00ed. A to bylo tak asi v\u0161echno. Proto p\u0159i\u0161el kucha\u0159\u00ed\u010dek Koch<\/strong>, kter\u00fd vy\u0161lapal cesti\u010dku pro zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed bakteri\u00ed t\u00edm, \u017ee se sna\u017eil naj\u00edt ide\u00e1ln\u00ed podklad na jejich p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed. Jeho prvotn\u00ed n\u00e1pad \u2013 suspenze<\/strong> \u2013 nebyla p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 ide\u00e1ln\u00ed, proto se p\u0159es vysr\u00e1\u017een\u00fd b\u00edlek a \u0161krobov\u00e9 t\u011bsto dostal k \u017eelatin\u011b<\/strong>. Dobr\u00fd pokus, \u0159ekly si bakterie, ale Koch nepo\u010d\u00edtal s druhy bakteri\u00ed, kter\u00e9 si libuj\u00ed ve vysok\u00fdch teplot\u00e1ch, ty toti\u017e \u017eelatina nezvl\u00e1d\u00e1. Konzistenc\u00ed byla \u017eelatina v po\u0159\u00e1dku, vlastnostmi p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 ne. Po chv\u00edli se na jevi\u0161ti objevil ogar s agarem<\/strong> a inscenace s n\u00e1zvem Mnoho povyku pro Petriho misku mohla za\u010d\u00edt. Tato tragikomedi\u00e1ln\u00ed hra s n\u011bkolika d\u011bjstv\u00edmi se stala z\u00e1kladem pro mikrobiologii.
\nZa\u010dalo se tedy s v\u00fdzkumy. Jako ka\u017ed\u00e9 studie, i tyto byly z\u00e1visl\u00e9 na finan\u010dn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvc\u00edch. \u010clov\u011bka od prad\u00e1vna zaj\u00edmaj\u00ed negativn\u00ed ud\u00e1losti, novinky, kter\u00e9 nejsou moc \u0161\u0165astn\u00e9. D\u00e1rc\u016f bylo tedy daleko v\u00edc na v\u00fdzkumy spojen\u00e9 s chorobami a \u0161kodlivost\u00ed bakteri\u00ed. Tak se zap\u0159\u00ed\u010dinila jak\u00e1s jednostrannost a z bakteri\u00ed jsme si sami vytvo\u0159ili nep\u0159\u00e1tele. Kdybychom jen v\u011bd\u011bli, co jsme se pak dozv\u011bd\u011bli. V\u011bdci se op\u00edrali taky jen o poznatky, kter\u00e9 vy\u010detli z Petriho misek \u2013 naprosto jim unikly t\u00edm p\u00e1dem druhy bakteri\u00ed, co vy\u017eaduj\u00ed speci\u00e1ln\u00ed podm\u00ednky nebo nevytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed dostate\u010dn\u011b velk\u00e9 kolonie. Jednodu\u0161e \u0159e\u010deno, chyb\u011bly jim ty s nosem nahoru a asoci\u00e1lov\u00e9.
\nPod vlivem mikrobi\u00e1ln\u00ed ekologie se uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee bakteri\u00ed je daleko v\u00edce, ne\u017e se uk\u00e1zalo na misk\u00e1ch. A \u017ee nejsou jen zl\u00e9, ale dokonce i dobr\u00e9. A \u017ee jich m\u00e1me dokonce spoustu i v na\u0161em t\u011ble. A \u017ee kr\u00e1vy je tam maj\u00ed taky. \u00dalet. V\u011bdci p\u0159i\u0161li dokonce na to, \u017ee v n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech bychom si bez bakteri\u00ed nedok\u00e1zali sami poradit. N\u011bkter\u00e9 bakterie mohou m\u00edt speci\u00e1ln\u00ed funkci, mohou nap\u0159. pom\u00e1hat \u0161t\u011bpen\u00ed b\u00edlkovin<\/strong> nebo endosymbiotick\u00e9<\/strong> mohou zastoupit chloroplast v bu\u0148k\u00e1ch. Mluvilo se tak\u00e9 o bakteri\u00e1ln\u00edm p\u016fvodu n\u011bkter\u00fdch bun\u011b\u010dn\u00fdch organel<\/strong>, tato my\u0161lenka v\u0161ak zapadla. \u017deny um\u00ed vytahovat na mu\u017ee u\u017e d\u00e1vno proml\u010den\u00e9 v\u011bci \u2013 proto se pan\u00ed Lynn chopila sv\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce a soupotn\u00edk\u016fm p\u0159ipomn\u011bla onen objev. Po dal\u0161\u00edm zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed se s ostatn\u00edmi shodla, \u017ee m\u00e1 pravdu. Jako kdyby se \u017eeny n\u011bkdy m\u00fdlily.
\nSv\u011bt a v\u00fdvoj mikrobiologie by se dal p\u0159ipodobnit ke Comtov\u011b teorii o lidsk\u00e9m my\u0161len\u00ed. Rozd\u011blil ho do t\u0159\u00ed f\u00e1z\u00ed. V prvn\u00ed, v dob\u011b d\u011btstv\u00ed, se spokoj\u00edme se v\u0161\u00edm, co je \u0159e\u010deno. V druh\u00e9 f\u00e1zi se b\u011bhem dosp\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed obvykle lid\u00e9 bou\u0159\u00ed a p\u0159em\u00edtaj\u00ed nad existenc\u00ed. Ve t\u0159et\u00ed, tedy kone\u010dn\u00e9, etap\u011b u\u017e v z\u00e1sad\u011b bereme rozum do kapsy a pt\u00e1me se na konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed ot\u00e1zky, na kter\u00e9 o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1me konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed odpov\u011bdi. P\u0159es pokusy a domn\u011bnky urazila mikrobiologie po\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fd kus cesty. A\u010d nev\u00edme v\u0161e, s jistotou m\u016f\u017eeme Pretty woman<\/strong> opravit. Nejsou ani klouzav\u00fd, ani svin\u011b. V\u011bt\u0161inou.<\/p>\n

Anka, (b\u00fdval\u00e1) 4.A<\/p>\n

\u2022 pro studium mikrobiologie bylo d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 naj\u00edt ten spr\u00e1vn\u00fd podklad
\n\u2022 suspenze nevyhovovala kv\u016fli slo\u017een\u00ed
\n\u2022 Koch demonstruje v 1881 na sympoziu v Lond\u00fdn\u011b pevn\u00e1 m\u00e9dia
\n\u2022 p\u0159es vysr\u00e1\u017een\u00fd vaje\u010dn\u00fd b\u00edlek a \u0161krobov\u00e9 t\u011bsto se dostal k \u017eelatin\u011b
\n\u2022 n\u011bkter\u00e9 bakterie ji mohou rozlo\u017eit a rozpou\u0161t\u00ed se p\u0159i 25 stupn\u00edch \u2013 n\u011bkter\u00e9 bakterie maj\u00ed r\u00e1dy zv\u00fd\u0161enou teplotu \u2013 nejde zkoumat
\n\u2022 proto p\u0159i\u0161el ogar s agarem vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00fdm z ruduch
\n\u2022 spole\u010dn\u011b s Petriho miskou se tak stal z\u00e1kladem pro mikrobiologii
\n\u2022 v\u00fdzkumy byly ale jednostrann\u00e9 \u2013 zkoumaly se \u201e\u0161patn\u00e9\u201c bakterie
\n\u2022 v\u011bdci se op\u00edrali jen o poznatky na Petriho misk\u00e1ch \u2013 unikly jim tedy skupiny bakteri\u00ed, kter\u00e9 pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed ultra speci\u00e1ln\u00ed podm\u00ednky nebo kter\u00e9 nevytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed kolonie zaznamenateln\u00e9 v laborato\u0159i
\n\u2022 pod vlivem mikrobi\u00e1ln\u00ed ekologie se uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee bakteri\u00ed je mnohem v\u00edce na mnohem v\u00edce m\u00edstech
\n\u2022 t\u00edm trochu padnul darwinovsk\u00fd model samostatn\u00e9ho jednice \u2013 p\u0159e\u017ev\u00fdkavci nejsou sami o sob\u011b schopn\u00ed tr\u00e1vit celul\u00f3zu
\n\u2022 n\u011bkter\u00e9 bakterie mohou m\u00edt speci\u00e1ln\u00ed funkci, nap\u0159 endosymbiotick\u00e9 bakterie jako chloroplasty
\n\u2022 my\u0161lenka bun\u011b\u010dn\u00fdch organel, kter\u00e9 jsou bakter\u00e1ln\u00edho p\u016fvodu, zadla, vyt\u00e1hla ji a\u017e \u017eena
\n\u2022 podobenstv\u00ed s Comtov\u00fdm pozitivismem a jeho teori\u00ed o 3 f\u00e1z\u00edch lidsk\u00e9ho my\u0161len\u00ed
\n\u2022 prvn\u00ed st\u00e1dium: spokojujeme se se v\u0161\u00edm, co je n\u00e1m \u0159e\u010deno, druh\u00e9 st\u00e1dium: dosp\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed; bu\u0159i\u010dsky se za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1me pt\u00e1t na sv\u011bt, t\u0159et\u00ed st\u00e1dium: lep\u0161\u00ed ot\u00e1zky, \u010dek\u00e1me p\u0159esnou odpov\u011b\u010f
\n\u2022 prokaryota se pod\u00edlela na eukaryot\u011b
\n\u2022 bakterie p\u0159ekopaly evolu\u010dn\u00ed sch\u00e9mata<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

SVIN\u011a KLOUZAV\u00dd MR\u0147AV\u00dd O mikroorganismech jsme m\u011bli tu\u0161en\u00ed. V\u011bd\u011bli jsme, \u017ee existuj\u00ed. A to bylo tak asi v\u0161echno. Proto p\u0159i\u0161el kucha\u0159\u00ed\u010dek Koch, kter\u00fd vy\u0161lapal cesti\u010dku pro zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed bakteri\u00ed t\u00edm, \u017ee se sna\u017eil naj\u00edt ide\u00e1ln\u00ed podklad na jejich p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed. Jeho prvotn\u00ed n\u00e1pad \u2013 suspenze \u2013 nebyla p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 ide\u00e1ln\u00ed, proto se p\u0159es vysr\u00e1\u017een\u00fd b\u00edlek … p\u0159e\u010d\u00edst v\u0161e<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[44],"tags":[45],"class_list":["post-12307","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ze-supliku","tag-ze-supliku"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.gymhorice.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12307","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.gymhorice.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.gymhorice.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.gymhorice.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.gymhorice.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=12307"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.gymhorice.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12307\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12311,"href":"https:\/\/www.gymhorice.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12307\/revisions\/12311"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.gymhorice.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=12307"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.gymhorice.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=12307"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.gymhorice.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=12307"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}